Methodology

Each edition begins with the whole work and ends with a comfortable reading experience in European Portuguese.

1. Choose and document the source

We identify a historical edition or public-domain text and record where it came from. Modern introductions, notes, covers and illustrations are not copied into the reading edition.

2. Follow the complete story

Before writing, we trace the order of events, characters, relationships, ending and cultural context. This helps every band tell the same complete story rather than a collection of extracts.

3. Write three reading bands

Beginner A1-A2 uses shorter, clearer sentences and more explicit connections. Intermediate B1-B2 restores more detail and texture. Advanced C1-C2 comes closer to the original work's voice, rhythm and ambiguity.

4. Add English sentence support

Each Portuguese sentence is paired with natural British English. The English is there to help readers when needed; Portuguese remains the main text.

5. Read, check and improve

We check the story against its source, review European Portuguese and English, test sentence alignment and try each edition in the reader. Useful corrections from readers and advisers can be included in later versions.